28 May\u0131s 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda Azerbaycan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Do\u011fuda Azerbaycan ilk Cumhuriyeti kurarak tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. O tarihten g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze 102 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 say\u0131n \u0130lham Aliyev taraf\u0131ndan imzalanan, 16 May\u0131s 2017 tarihli kararla 2018 Cumhuriyet y\u0131l\u0131 ilan edilmi\u015f, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Azerbaycan ve Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu birliklerinin Bak\u00fc\u2019y\u00fc azat edi\u015finin 100. y\u0131l\u0131 iki devlet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 askeri t\u00f6renle kutlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tarihi olaya say\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n verdi\u011fi \u00f6nem ve de\u011fer konuya farkl\u0131 boyut ve anlam kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
15 Eyl\u00fcl Bak\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn Azerbaycan ve Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015fman g\u00fc\u00e7lerden azat edildi\u011fi g\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Azerbaycan\u2019a yard\u0131ma gelerek, Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman kuvvetlerden temizlenmesine destek olan Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusunun 15 Eyl\u00fcl Bak\u00fc zaferi, Azerbaycan T\u00fcrkiye karde\u015flik ve dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n tarih kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda belgelendi\u011fi \u00f6nemli g\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130ki karde\u015f milletin tek yumruk olarak birle\u015ferek d\u00fc\u015fman g\u00fc\u00e7lere vurdu\u011fu darbe ve verdi\u011fi g\u00f6zda\u011f\u0131 uzun y\u0131llar Kafkaslarda T\u00fcrk g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ve kimli\u011finin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve egemen kalmas\u0131na vesile olmu\u015ftur. Lokmalar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015fan, bir birinin yaras\u0131n\u0131 saran, bir biri i\u00e7in dua eden iki karde\u015f kuvvet, Azerbaycan ve T\u00fcrkiye askerleri Azerbaycan ve Kafkasya\u2019da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kanla bo\u011farak son vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, d\u00fc\u015fman g\u00fc\u00e7lere kar\u015f\u0131 omuz omuza vererek b\u00fcy\u00fck zafer kazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.15 Eyl\u00fcl 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrk ordusu Azerbaycan birlikleri ile birlikte Bak\u00fc\u2019y\u00fc d\u00fc\u015fman istilas\u0131ndan kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye tarihinin en kanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lere kar\u015f\u0131, \u00c7anakkale ve ba\u015fka cephelerde verilen sava\u015fta T\u00fcrkiye y\u00fcz binlerce \u015fehit vermi\u015ftir. Tarihinin bu zor sava\u015f\u0131nda Azerbaycan\u2019dan g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak binlerce insan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yard\u0131m i\u00e7in sava\u015fmaya gitmi\u015ftir. Bu sava\u015fta sadece Azerbaycan\u2019da ya\u015fayan Azerbaycanl\u0131lar de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda ba\u015fka devletlerde ya\u015fayan Azerbaycanl\u0131l\u0131ar da g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fler. Tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye zaferle \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu yuz binlerce \u015fehitler aras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 bin civar\u0131nda Azerbaycanl\u0131 da bulunmaktayd\u0131. \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015flar\u0131ndan bir ka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra 1918 de Nuri Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201cKafkas \u0130slam Ordusu\u201d adi ile Azerbaycan\u2019a gelen T\u00fcrk Askerleri, Azerbaycan ordusu ile birlikte, Bak\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015fman g\u00fc\u00e7lerden temizlenmesinde \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flar.. 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda geli\u015fleriyle ermeni-rus birle\u015fmelerinin Azerbaycanl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015fledi\u011fi katliamlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.Her hangi bir \u00e7\u0131kar ve ganimet amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeksizin Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusunun Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n ve ba\u015fkenti Bak\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015f ve verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadele \u00f6rne\u011fi tarihte \u00f6rne\u011fi az g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bir durum te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Azerbaycan ve \u00f6zellikle de Hazar denizi k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda yerle\u015fen ba\u015fkent Bak\u00fc sanayi ve petrol yataklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok zengin idi. Bu nedenle Sovyet Rusya i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131. Esasen Ruslar ister \u00c7arl\u0131k, ister Men\u015fevik ya da Bol\u015fevik olsunlar, Bak\u00fc\u2019den vazge\u00e7mek gibi bir niyetleri yoktu. Bol\u015fevik ihtilali nedeniyle bozulan Rusya ekonomisi, Bak\u00fc petrolleri ile g\u00fc\u00e7 kazana bilecekti. Bol\u015fevikler\u2019in idareyi ele almalar\u0131yla ba\u015flayan i\u00e7 sava\u015fta akaryak\u0131t K\u0131z\u0131llar i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131. di\u011fer ptrol \u00e7\u0131kat\u0131lan b\u00f6lgeleri Bol\u015fevizim kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 kuvvetler olan Denikin ve Kol\u00e7ak\u0131n y\u00f6netiminde idi. Bu sebeple Sovyet idaresi kurulur kurulmaz Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n ve ayr\u0131ca Bak\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn elde tutulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Sovyetler tedbirlerini alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131 Kah Ermeni Ta\u015fnaklar\u2019la, kah da Kayser Almanya\u2019s\u0131 ile anla\u015fan Bol\u015fevikler, Azerbaycan n\u00fcfusunu katliam pahas\u0131na da olsa, Bak\u00fc\u2019y\u00fc ve Bak\u00fc petrol\u00fcn\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irmeyi kendilerine ama\u00e7 edinmi\u015flerdir. Bu ama\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda, Ermeni as\u0131ll\u0131 kom\u00fcnist Stephan \u015eaumyan geni\u015f yetkilerle donat\u0131larak Kafkasya\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f, Bak\u00fc\u2019de 31 Mart facias\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek binlerce masum insan\u0131 katlettikten sonra Guba ve \u015eamah\u0131 kentini yeniden viran etmi\u015f ve Lenkaran kentini kana bo\u011fmu\u015ftur (1). Bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Azerbaycan h\u00fckumeti Seymin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan hemen sonra 28 May\u0131s 1918 de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. Azerbaycan 28 May\u0131s 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda istiklalini ilan ederken, ba\u015fkent Bak\u00fc ile birlikte memleketin t\u00fcm Do\u011fu k\u0131sm\u0131 hale d\u00fc\u015fman esaretinde idi. Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131ndan sonra, 4 Haziran 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n Batum kentinde Azerbaycan Milli \u015eura Reisi Mehmet Emin Resulzade ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki heyet ile Azerbaycan\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilk tan\u0131yan Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fckumeti Adliye Bakan\u0131 Halil Bey ve Vehip Pa\u015fa ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki heyetler aras\u0131nda bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede taraflar aras\u0131nda dostluk ve i\u015fbirli\u011fi anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n emniyet ve asayi\u015fini temin etmek ve ba\u015fkent Bak\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 meselesini g\u00fcndeme gelmesi ile Azerbaycan Milli Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mehmet Emin Resulzade 4 Haziran 1918\u2019de imzalanan dostluk ve i\u015fbirli\u011fi anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n 4. maddesine itirazen bir Osmanl\u0131 Kuvvetinin Azerbaycan\u2019a g\u00f6nderilmesi iste\u011finde bulunmu\u015ftur. Ayn\u0131 istek 3. Ordu Komutan\u0131 Mehmet Vehip Pa\u015fa\u2019ya da iletilmi\u015f ve durumu yerinde tetkik ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in 6. Ordu komutan\u0131 ve 3 subay b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Kafkasya ve Azerbaycan\u2019a, Muzaffer Efendi ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6nderilen bu heyetinin tetkik ve incelemeleri sonucu sundu\u011fu rapor do\u011frultusunda Azerbaycan\u2019a yard\u0131m i\u00e7in ordu g\u00f6ndermek karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sona ermesine ve Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun \u00e7ok zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015fmesine ra\u011fmen Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Harbiye Naz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fckumeti, Azerbaycan Milli \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcracaat\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015f ve Nuri Pa\u015fan\u0131n komutas\u0131 alt\u0131nda Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusunu Azerbaycan\u2019a yard\u0131ma g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir(2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu, Osmanl\u0131 Devletini Mart-A\u011fustos 1918 tarihleri aras\u0131nda kuruldu\u011fu Do\u011fu Ordular Grubuna ba\u011fl\u0131 bir askeri birim idi. Harbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n emriyle ve tamamen M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Bu ordu I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda Kafkas Cephesinde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alman bask\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Osmanl\u0131 ordusu de\u011fil, Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n fikri ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ile Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu olarak isim de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu komutan\u0131 Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n karde\u015fi Nuri Pa\u015fa\u2019d\u0131r. R\u00fctbesi bir kademeye al\u0131narak t\u00fcmgeneralli\u011fe y\u00fckseltilmi\u015ftir. Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu, Kafkas Ordular Grubu\u2019nun ve 9. Ordu ile Do\u011fu Ordular Grubuna ba\u011fl\u0131 bir kolordu olarak yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ordu, Azerbaycan T\u00fcrkleri g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla toplam 20.000 civar\u0131nda bir g\u00fcce eri\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n karde\u015fi olan 29 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Nuri Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu ve Azerbaycan Ordusu birlikleri Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131 azat etmek i\u00e7in harekata ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Azerbaycan\u2019da ilk sava\u015f \u015eemkir\u2019de Rus birliklerine kar\u015f\u0131, Gence\u2019de ise Ermeni mahallerinde barikat kurup sava\u015fan Ermenilere kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu Gence\u2019den sonra Bak\u00fc\u2019ye do\u011fru ilerlemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f Bak\u00fc\u2019ye kadar olan g\u00fczergahlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman g\u00fc\u00e7lerden temizlemi\u015ftir., 5 A\u011fustos 1918 saat 04:25\u2019te Birinci Bak\u00fc Taarruzu ba\u015flad\u0131. \u015eiddetli top\u00e7u ate\u015fi deste\u011finde taarruz kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Ermeni, Rus ve \u0130ngilizlerden meydana gelen Bak\u00fc savunma birlikleri, mevzileri elde tutmak i\u00e7in ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir \u00e7aba sarf ediyorlard\u0131. Ancak gittik\u00e7e \u015fiddetlenen Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu ve Azerbaycan Ordusunun taarruzu bu direni\u015fi k\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015fman birlikleri kademe kademe \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u015eehre hakim olan Bay\u0131l mevkinde bulunan y\u00fcksek tepeler ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131rtlar ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015fti. Direni\u015fi k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n, cephesinin merkezi olan Salhane ve mezarl\u0131\u011fa do\u011fru d\u00fczensiz bir \u015fekilde \u00e7ekildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Top\u00e7u birliklerinin Bak\u00fc\u2019de bulunan Ermeni, Es \u2013 er, Men\u015fevik, Bol\u015fevik ve \u0130ngiliz k\u0131\u015flalar\u0131n\u0131 hedef alan at\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ermeni, ingiliz ve halka kar\u015f\u0131 ter\u00f6rde parma\u011f\u0131 olan di\u011fer gayrim\u00fcslim halk aras\u0131nda korku ve panik yatarm\u0131\u015f ve halk gemilere, trenlere ve arabalara binip \u015fehirden ayr\u0131lmak i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015f vermekte idi. \u015eehrin ele ge\u00e7irilmesi an meselesi idi(3). D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n birinci savunma hatt\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ikinci savunma hatt\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Bak\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn kurtulu\u015fu \u00e7ok yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat, taarruza yeteri kadar top mermisi tedarik edilmeden ba\u015flanmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 top\u00e7ular\u0131n ilerleyen piyadelere verdi\u011fi ate\u015f deste\u011fi gittik\u00e7e azalmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve 5 A\u011fustos \u00f6\u011fleden sonra top\u00e7u cephanesi tamamen t\u00fckenmi\u015fti. Kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n top\u00e7u ve makineli t\u00fcfek ate\u015fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ilerleme durmu\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 taarruzu ile Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu ve Azerbaycan ordusu birlikleri, Bak\u00fc\u2019ye 4 kilometre mesafede olan Elet-Bileceri demir yolunun Bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki hatta \u00e7ekilmek mecburiyetinde kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5 A\u011fustos muharebesinde d\u00fc\u015fman \u00f6l\u00fc ve yaral\u0131 olarak 2.000 civar\u0131nda, Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu ve Azerbaycan ordusu birlikleri ise 9\u2019u \u015fehit 19\u2019u yaral\u0131 subay, 39\u2019u \u015fehit 444 er zayiat vermi\u015ftir. \u0130kinci Bak\u00fc Taarruzu ve \u015fehrin kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 do\u011frultusunda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen istihbarat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6re Bak\u00fc taarruzunu yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 tarihte \u015fehri savunacak Bol\u015fevik-Rus ve Ermeni kuvvetlerin miktar\u0131 10.000 asker civar\u0131nda idi. \u0130kinci Bak\u00fc taarruzundan mutlak surette sonu\u00e7 almay\u0131 ve \u015fehri kurtarmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan Nuri Pa\u015fa, Bak\u00fc \u00f6nlerinde bulunan birlikleri takviye i\u00e7in \u015eark Ordular\u0131 Grubundan yard\u0131m iste\u011finde bulundu Bunun \u00fczerinde 15. Piyade T\u00fcmeninden donan\u0131m\u0131 iyi olan 56. Alay ve 36. Kafkas T\u00fcmeninden, 106. Kafkas Alay\u0131 15. Piyade T\u00fcmen Komutan\u0131 Yarbay S\u00fcleyman \u0130zzet Bey\u2019in komutas\u0131nda Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusuna kat\u0131lmak \u00fczere G\u00fcmr\u00fc\u2019den yola \u00e7\u0131karak, 9 Eyl\u00fclde Bak\u00fc cephesine ula\u015ft\u0131. Taarruzda Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu birliklerinden 5. Kafkas T\u00fcmenine M\u00fcrsel Pa\u015fa, 15. Piyade T\u00fcmenine Yarbay S\u00fcleyman \u0130zzet Bey, G\u00fcney G\u00fcney Grubu birliklerine ise Albay Cemil Cahit Bey komuta edecekti. Yarbay Halim Pertev Bey G\u00fcney Grubu i\u00e7inde bulunan ve Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerinden meydana gelen 4. Alaya komuta edecekti. Taarruz i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bak\u00fc cephesinde 8.000 Osmanl\u0131 askeri ile 6.000 civar\u0131nda Azerbaycan askeri kuvveti toplanm\u0131\u015f bulunuyordu. Birinci Bak\u00fc savunma hatt\u0131 saat 03:00\u2019te, \u0130kinci Bak\u00fc savunma hatt\u0131 saat 06:00\u2019da ele ge\u00e7irildi. Sallaghane ve Salyanski k\u0131\u015flalar\u0131ndan h\u00fccuma haz\u0131rlanan d\u00fc\u015fman, top\u00e7u ate\u015fiyle da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. Taarruzun ba\u015f kahraman\u0131 olan 56. Alay, Bak\u00fc\u2019ye hakim tepeleri ele ge\u00e7irip, \u00f6n\u00fcnde bozgun halinde ka\u00e7an d\u00fc\u015fman askerlerini \u015fehre do\u011fru s\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Kurt kap\u0131s\u0131 da\u011f\u0131 ile Bay\u0131l aras\u0131nda bulunan mevziler ele ge\u00e7irildi. 56. Alay\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnden ka\u00e7arak K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 K\u0131\u015fla\u2019da direnmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Ermeni, Rus ve \u0130ngiliz askerleri k\u0131\u015flan\u0131n topa tutulmas\u0131yla burada da tutunamayarak panik halinde \u015fehrin i\u00e7lerine do\u011fru ka\u00e7\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler. 13. Alay\u0131n mezarl\u0131k mevkini ele ge\u00e7irmesi \u00fczerine buray\u0131 savunan birliklerin sahile \u00e7ekilip gemilere binerek ka\u00e7ma te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc burada yo\u011funla\u015fan top\u00e7u ate\u015fi nedeniyle sonu\u00e7suz kald\u0131. T\u00fcrk askerleri saat 16:00\u2019da \u015fehrin bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki mahalleleri ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f bulunuyorlard\u0131 (4). 5. Kafkas T\u00fcmeninin taarruzuna paralel olarak \u015fehrin Kuzey y\u00f6n\u00fcnde 15. Piyade t\u00fcmeninin ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 taarruz ba\u015far\u0131yla geli\u015fmi\u015f ve Bileceri s\u0131rtlar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015fti. 15. Piyade T\u00fcmeni emrinde sava\u015fan Azerbaycan askerlerinden olu\u015fan Mu\u015ftevi M\u00fcfrezesi, Sabuncu mevkini azat etmi\u015fti. Sokak \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda fazla zayiat verilmemesi i\u00e7in 14 Eyl\u00fcl ak\u015fam\u0131 taarruz durdurulmu\u015ftu. Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusuna ait top\u00e7u birlikleri gece boyunca \u015fehirdeki askeri noktalar\u0131 ate\u015f at\u0131nda tutmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bak\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn savunulmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcmit ba\u011flanan 39. \u0130ngiliz Tugay\u0131, 14 Eyl\u00fcl ak\u015fam\u0131 her \u015feyin bitti\u011fini g\u00f6rerek limana \u00e7ekilmi\u015f ve saat 22:00 \u2018de gemilere binerek Enzeli\u2019ye gitmek \u00fczere \u015fehirden ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Amac\u0131na ula\u015famayarak ma\u011flup bir \u015fekilde Enzeli\u2019ye d\u00f6nen 39. \u0130ngiliz Tugay\u0131na komuta eden T\u00fcmgeneral Dunsterville g\u00f6revinden al\u0131narak, tugay komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na General Thomson getirilmi\u015ftir. Nuri Pa\u015fa 14 Eyl\u00fcl ak\u015fam\u0131 verdi\u011fi emirle; 15 Eyl\u00fcl sabah\u0131 taarruza devam edilerek \u015fehrin kurtar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi. Sabaha kar\u015f\u0131 h\u00fccuma ge\u00e7en 13, 9 ve 56. alaylar \u015fehre girmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Ermeni ve Rus birlikleri muharebe d\u00fczenini kaybetmi\u015f olarak baz\u0131 evlere ve mahalle aralar\u0131na mevzilenerek son direni\u015flerini g\u00f6steriyorlard\u0131. Bat\u0131 cephesinden yap\u0131lan taarruzla Bak\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn zapt\u0131na ad\u0131m ad\u0131m yakla\u015f\u0131rlarken, kuzey cephesi \u00e7\u00f6kertilmi\u015fti(5). \u00c7emberkent ve Malakan ba\u011f\u0131 civar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f, sokak \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Azerbaycan birlikleri Ke\u015fle istasyonunu ve Z\u0131\u011f tepelerini azat etmi\u015flerdi. 15 Eyl\u00fcl saat 10:30\u2019da Bak\u00fc\u2019den 5. Kafkas T\u00fcmeni karargah\u0131na gelen iki ki\u015filik bir heyetle \u015fehrin teslim \u015fartlar\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u015fartlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1 Bak\u00fc kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z derhal teslim edilecek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2 \u015eehri savunan askerler teslim olacaklar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3 Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc silah ve cephane ile devlet mal\u0131 e\u015fya ve binalar teslim edilecek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Otuz alt\u0131 saat s\u00fcren ikinci Bak\u00fc taarruzunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Osmanl\u0131 birliklerinin toplam zayiat\u0131 1.000 asker idi. Bu taarruzda Azerbaycan milislerinden meydana gelen Mu\u015ftevi M\u00fcfrezesi 11 \u015fehit ile 44 yaral\u0131 vermi\u015ftir(6). Gence\u2019de bulunan Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu karargah\u0131 Bak\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131yla buraya nakledilmi\u015ftir. 9 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019den beri ordu g\u00f6zetleme mevki olan G\u00fczdek\u2019e gelerek harekat\u0131 y\u00f6neten Nuri Pa\u015fa Bak\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn hemen d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda cephedeki birliklerin resmi ge\u00e7idini izledikten sonra muzaffer T\u00fcrk askerleriyle birlikte \u015fehre girmi\u015ftir. Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu 15 Eyl\u00fcl 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bak\u00fc\u2019y\u00fc \u201cK\u0131z\u0131l \u0130stila\u201ddan kurtarmakla tarihi misyonu zaferle tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
71 Y\u0131l Sovyet egemenli\u011finde ya\u015fayan Azerbaycan Sovyetlerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme s\u00fcrecini de f\u0131rsata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 istiklal m\u00fccadelesinden zaferle \u00e7\u0131karak 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015ftir. Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fn\u0131 ilk tan\u0131yan T\u00fcrkiye olmu\u015ftur Bir \u00e7ok alanlarda iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve stratejik ortakl\u0131k anla\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fkiler \u00fcst d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ulu \u00f6nder Haydar Aliyev\u2019in \u201cBir millet, iki devlet\u201d perensipi esas\u0131nda geli\u015fen Azerbaycan \u2013 T\u00fcrkiye ili\u015fkileri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde daha y\u00fcksek boyutlara ula\u015farak, daha geni\u015f alana yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Azerbaycan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 say\u0131n \u0130lham Aliyev\u2019in de belirtti\u011fi gibi, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye ile Azerbaycan aras\u0131nda t\u00fcm sahalarda ili\u015fkiler \u00e7ok u\u011furla inki\u015faf edir. Bu ili\u015fkiler dostluk \u2013 karde\u015flik asas\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. Bizim \u00e7ok zengin birge tarihimiz, ortak de\u011ferlerimiz vard\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye ile Azerbaycan aras\u0131nda ili\u015fkiler bu muhkem temel esas\u0131nda kurulur. Son yirmi y\u0131la yak\u0131n sure i\u00e7erisinde T\u00fcrkiye ile Azerbaycan aras\u0131nda ili\u015fkiler daim y\u00fcksek seviyede olmu\u015ftur. Bu g\u00fcn bu g\u00fczel ananeler davam edir ve t\u00fcm meselelerde i\u015fbirli\u011fimiz iyi ve olumlu sonu\u00e7lar vermektedir\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dr. Afgan VAL\u0130YEV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Azerbaycan Sosyal Tetkikatlar Merkezi Ba\u015f Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.Budak, Mustafa, Nuri Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu Hakk\u0131ndaki Raporu, Kafkasya Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, Say\u0131: IV, \u0130stanbul, 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.G\u00f6r\u00fcry\u0131lmaz, Mustafa, T\u00fcrk Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu ve Ermeniler 1918, Bilgeo\u011fuz Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.R\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc, B\u00fcy\u00fck Harpte Bak\u00fc Yollar\u0131nda, s. 21
4.S\u00fcleyman \u0130zzet, B\u00fcy\u00fck Harpte 15-ci Piyade T\u00fcmeninin Azerbaycan v\u0259 Kuzey Kafkasyadaki Harekat v\u0259 Sava\u015flar\u0131, s. 200-203
5.R\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc, B\u00fcy\u00fck Harpte Bak\u00fc Yollar\u0131nda, s. 32-33
6.Mirza Bala Mehmetzade, \u201cKafkasya \u0130slam Ordusu\u201d, Azerbaycan Dergisi, Yil; 3, Say\u0131 7, Eyl\u00fcl \u2013 Ekim, 1954, Ankara
7. Afgan Veliyev, Azerbaycan Siyasi D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Tarihi ve Mirza Bala Mehmetzade, \u0130stanbul 2006, s, 256.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
28 May\u0131s 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda Azerbaycan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Do\u011fuda Azerbaycan ilk Cumhuriyeti kurarak tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. O tarihten g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze 102 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 say\u0131n \u0130lham Aliyev taraf\u0131ndan imzalanan, 16 May\u0131s 2017 tarihli kararla 2018 Cumhuriyet y\u0131l\u0131 ilan edilmi\u015f, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Azerbaycan ve Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu birliklerinin Bak\u00fc\u2019y\u00fc azat edi\u015finin 100. y\u0131l\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":434,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-433","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/boyukmillet.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/433","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/boyukmillet.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/boyukmillet.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/boyukmillet.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/boyukmillet.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=433"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/boyukmillet.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/433\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/boyukmillet.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/boyukmillet.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=433"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/boyukmillet.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=433"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/boyukmillet.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=433"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}